Rajkot: The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) has completed the first phase of its first large-scale, systematic excavation at Bet Dwarka, revealing evidence of an ancient settlement marked by active maritime trade and international links dating back over 2,000 years.

The excavation, led by ASI’s underwater archaeology wing, began in December 2025 near the island’s shoreline. Officials said the initiative aims to understand the cultural sequence, settlement patterns, and the region’s role in maritime activity, marking a significant step in documenting India’s coastal heritage.

Bet Dwarka has long been considered a key centre in ancient trade networks. Researchers link the site to “Antardvipa” referenced in literary sources and “Baraca” mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, indicating its importance in trade along India’s western coast and possible connections with the Roman world.

Project director Alok Tripathi said the team has uncovered layers dating back nearly 2,200 to 2,300 years. “Our focus is to determine the antiquity of the Okha Mandal region and understand the nature of habitation here,” he said.

Excavations have brought to light extensive stone structures, including what appears to be a fortified complex with multiple chambers. Archaeologists believe the layout reflects organised industrial and commercial activity within the settlement.

A variety of artefacts have been discovered, including foreign pottery, glass beads, shell bangles, coins, and iron objects. Significant finds, such as Roman coin impressions, amphora fragments, torpedo jars, and other imported ceramics, point to active overseas trade and long-distance interactions.

Despite challenges posed by dense vegetation and wildlife, the team has identified several habitation zones. Earlier surveys had mapped four areas, BSD-1 to BSD-4, where pottery, shell remains, and structural features suggest continuous occupation from the protohistoric to early historic periods.

In addition to the onshore excavation at Bet Dwarka, the ASI is conducting offshore explorations near Dwarka to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the region’s maritime history.

Officials said the discoveries strengthen the view that Bet Dwarka was once a flourishing coastal hub that played a vital role in ancient trade networks and the regional economy. DeshGujarat